Drusus, the brother of Tiberius, died in 9 BC after falling from a horse. They were successful military leaders who had fought against the barbarian Germanic tribes.Īgrippa died in 12 BC, and Tiberius was ordered by Augustus to divorce his wife Vipsania Agrippina and marry his stepsister, the twice-widowed Julia. Gaius and Lucius, the first two children of Julia and Agrippa, were adopted by Augustus and became heirs to the throne however, Augustus also showed great favor toward his wife Livia's two children from her first marriage: Drusus and Tiberius. This marriage produced five children, three sons and two daughters: Gaius Caesar, Lucius Caesar, Julia the Younger, Agrippina the Elder, and Postumus Agrippa. Augustus then married his widowed daughter to his loyal friend, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. However, Marcellus died of food poisoning in 23 BC. Lacking any male child and heir Augustus married his only daughter Julia to his nephew Marcus Claudius Marcellus. The Julio-Claudian Dynasty collapsed after his reign ended through suicide. Nero was a direct descendant of Augustus and Livia through his mother, Agrippina the Younger.
GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR DESCENDANTS FULL
After becoming emperor, Claudius added the cognomen Caesar to his full name. After Tiberius' adoption by Augustus, Tiberius was required to adopt Germanicus, thus giving the Julius nomen to the members of Caligula's family.Ĭlaudius was a Claudian through his father, Nero Claudius Drusus, and also possessed a blood connection to the Julian branch of the Imperial Family through his mother, Antonia Minor. His father, Germanicus, was a scion of both Julii and Claudii, descending from the respective bloodlines of Octavia Minor and Livia Drusilla. Through his mother, Agrippina the Elder, Caligula was a great-grandson of Augustus. Tiberius, like Augustus before him, was adopted into the Julii upon becoming the emperor's heir apparent.Ĭaligula had both Julian and Claudian ancestry, making him the first actual "Julio-Claudian" emperor.
He later became Augustus' son-in-law after marrying the emperor's only daughter, Julia the Elder. Tiberius, the eldest son of Augustus' wife Livia by her first husband, was a Claudian by birth. The next four emperors were closely related through a combination of blood relation, marriage and adoption. Thus (Gaius) Julius Caesar adopted his sister's grandson, Gaius Octavius, who became a Julius, eventually named Imperator Caesar Augustus, normally called in English Augustus, the founder of the Empire. Such names are inherited from father to son but a sonless Roman aristocrat quite commonly adopted an heir, who would also take the family name - this could be done in his will. Julius and Claudius were two Roman family names in classical Latin, they came second. The fact that ordinary father-son (or grandfather-grandson) succession did not occur has contributed to the image of the Julio-Claudian court presented in Robert Graves's I, Claudius, a dangerous world where scheming family members were all too ready to murder the direct heirs so as to bring themselves, their own immediate families, or their lovers closer to the succession.
Although Tiberius and Claudius had male direct descendants (Tiberius Gemellus and Britannicus, respectively) available for the succession, their great-nephews (Caligula and Nero, respectively) were preferred. No Julio-Claudian emperor was a blood descendant of his immediate predecessor. The ancient historical writers, chiefly Suetonius and Tacitus, write from the point of view of the Roman senatorial aristocracy, and portray the Emperors in generally negative terms, whether from preference for the Roman Republic or love of a good scandalous story. None of the Julio-Claudians were succeeded by their sons only one of them had a legitimate son survive him. The Julio-Claudian dynasty normally refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula (also known as Gaius), Claudius, and Nero, or the family to which they belonged they ruled the Roman Empire from its formation, in the second half of the 1st century (44/31/27) BC, until AD 68, when the last of the line, Nero, committed suicide.
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